This repository contains one of two datasets used in the following study:

Turesky TK, Escalante ES, Loh M, Gaab N. Longitudinal trajectories of brain development from infancy to school age and their relationship to literacy development, https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.06.29.601366.

For the other dataset, please see https://osf.io/axz5r/.

All participants included in this repository had MR images from at least two timepoints that passed the QC standards for the manuscript referenced above. Any MR images for these participants from additional timepoints were also included regardless of whether they passed the QC standards.

Please note that session numbers correspond to the following developmental timepoints:  
ses-01 = infant  
ses-02 = toddler  
ses-03 = pre-reading  
ses-04 = beginning reading  
ses-05 = emergent reading  

FreeSurfer's mri_deface was used to deface all T1w images, except for the following partipants, for whom we used mideface:

Images where mri_deface did not sufficiently distort the face:  
sub-04/ses-03  
sub-29/ses-04  
sub-34/ses-02  
sub-52/ses-04  
sub-55/ses-01  
sub-65/ses-04  
sub-70/ses-05  
sub-72/ses-03  

Images where mri_deface cut into brain tissue:  
sub-12/ses-03  
sub-12/ses-04  
sub-15/ses-05  
sub-57/ses-05  
sub-62/ses-05  
sub-79/ses-04  
  

Data dictionary for measures:  
participant_id			        -	participant IDs  
timepoint		                        -	INF=infant, TOD=toddler, PRE=pre-reading, BEG=beginning reading, REA=emergent reading  
session			                        -	timepoint number  
age				                        -	age in months  
Sex				                        -	biological sex  (0=male, 1=female)  
MEd			                        -	maternal education  
HLE				       	                -	home literacy composite (z-normalized)  
FHD					        -	family history of dyslexia (0=none, 1=first degree relative)  
pre_word_access_raw		        -	PRE WJIV word access subtest raw  
pre_word_fluency_raw		-	PRE WJIV word fluency subtest raw  
pre_substitution_raw		        -	PRE WJIV substitution subtest raw  
pre_wjiv_oralcomp_raw		-	PRE WJIV oral comprehension subtest raw  
pre_wjiv_pvocab_raw		        -	PRE WJIV picture vocabulary subtest raw  
pre_wjiv_phonproc_standard	-	PRE timepoint WJIV phonological processing standardized composite  
pre_wjiv_orallang_standard	-	PRE timepoint WJIV oral language standardized composite  
kbit2_raw			                -	KBIT reasing subtest raw score  
kbit2_standard			        -	KBIT reasing subtest standard score  
beg_wrmt3_wrd_id_raw		-	BEG timepoint WRMT word id raw score  
beg_wrmt3_wrdatt_raw		-	BEG timepoint WRMT word attack raw score  
beg_wrmt3_wrd_id_stnd		-	BEG timepoint WRMT word id standard score  
beg_wrmt3_wrdatt_stnd		-	BEG timepoint WRMT word attack standard score  
pre_beh_age			                -	age at PRE timepoint  
beg_beh_age			                -	age at BEG timepoint  
euler				                -	Euler number rating  for T1 images, average of hemispheres (FreeSurfer metric)  
qc_s				                -	visual ratings of FreeSurfer segmentations (0=poor, 1=regional-localized errors, 2=good)  
qc_ARC_L			                -	visual ratings of py(Baby)AFQ tracts (0=poor, 1=sparser than usual, 2=good)  
qc_ARC_R			                -	visual ratings of py(Baby)AFQ tracts (0=poor, 1=sparser than usual, 2=good)  
qc_ILF_L			                        -	visual ratings of py(Baby)AFQ tracts (0=poor, 1=sparser than usual, 2=good)  
qc_ILF_R			                        -	visual ratings of py(Baby)AFQ tracts (0=poor, 1=sparser than usual, 2=good)  
qc_SLF_L			                -	visual ratings of py(Baby)AFQ tracts (0=poor, 1=sparser than usual, 2=good)  
qc_SLF_R			                -	visual ratings of py(Baby)AFQ tracts (0=poor, 1=sparser than usual, 2=good)  


Keys for remaining variables may be found in Table S1 of the following citation: Yu X, et al. (2021) Functional Connectivity in Infancy and Toddlerhood Predicts Long-Term Language and Preliteracy Outcomes. Cerebral Cortex 32, 725–736.

For corresponding code, please see https://github.com/TeddyTuresky/Longitudinal-Trajectories-Early-Brain-Development-Language/tree/main.