Add container copy/cp command for host-container file transfer

Sources/ContainerCommands/Application.swift

@@ -51,6 +51,7 @@ public struct Application: AsyncLoggableCommand {
             CommandGroup(
                 name: "Container",
                 subcommands: [
+                    ContainerCopy.self,
                     ContainerCreate.self,
                     ContainerDelete.self,
                     ContainerExec.self,

Sources/ContainerCommands/Container/ContainerCopy.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+// Copyright © 2026 Apple Inc. and the container project authors.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+import ArgumentParser
+import ContainerAPIClient
+import ContainerResource
+import Containerization
+import ContainerizationError
+import Foundation
+
+extension Application {
+    public struct ContainerCopy: AsyncLoggableCommand {
+        enum PathRef {
+            case local(String)
+            case container(id: String, path: String)
+        }
+
+        static func parsePathRef(_ ref: String) throws -> PathRef {
+            let parts = ref.components(separatedBy: ":")
+            switch parts.count {
+            case 1:
+                return .local(ref)
+            case 2 where !parts[0].isEmpty && parts[1].starts(with: "/"):
+                return .container(id: parts[0], path: parts[1])
+            default:
+                throw ContainerizationError(.invalidArgument, message: "invalid path given: \(ref)")
+            }
+        }
+
+        public init() {}
+
+        public static let configuration = CommandConfiguration(
+            commandName: "copy",
+            abstract: "Copy files/folders between a container and the local filesystem",
+            aliases: ["cp"])
+
+        @OptionGroup()
+        public var logOptions: Flags.Logging
+
+        @Argument(help: "Source path (container:path or local path)")
+        var source: String
+
+        @Argument(help: "Destination path (container:path or local path)")
+        var destination: String
+
+        public func run() async throws {
+            let client = ContainerClient()
+            let srcRef = try Self.parsePathRef(source)
+            let dstRef = try Self.parsePathRef(destination)
+
+            switch (srcRef, dstRef) {
+            case (.container(let id, let path), .local(let localPath)):
+                let srcURL = URL(fileURLWithPath: path)
+                let destURL = URL(fileURLWithPath: localPath).standardizedFileURL
+                var isDirectory: ObjCBool = false
+                let exists = FileManager.default.fileExists(atPath: destURL.path, isDirectory: &isDirectory)
+
+                if exists && isDirectory.boolValue {
+                    let finalDest = destURL.appendingPathComponent(srcURL.lastPathComponent)
+                    try await client.copyOut(id: id, source: srcURL, destination: finalDest)
+                } else if localPath.hasSuffix("/") {
+                    try await client.copyOut(id: id, source: srcURL, destination: destURL)
+                    var resultIsDir: ObjCBool = false
+                    if FileManager.default.fileExists(atPath: destURL.path, isDirectory: &resultIsDir),
+                       !resultIsDir.boolValue
+                    {
+                        try? FileManager.default.removeItem(at: destURL)
+                        throw ContainerizationError(
+                            .invalidArgument,
+                            message: "destination is not a directory: \(localPath)")
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    try await client.copyOut(id: id, source: srcURL, destination: destURL)
+                }
+            case (.local(let localPath), .container(let id, let path)):
+                let srcURL = URL(fileURLWithPath: localPath).standardizedFileURL
+                var isDirectory: ObjCBool = false
+                guard FileManager.default.fileExists(atPath: srcURL.path, isDirectory: &isDirectory) else {
+                    throw ContainerizationError(.notFound, message: "source path does not exist: \(localPath)")
+                }
+                if localPath.hasSuffix("/") && !isDirectory.boolValue {
+                    throw ContainerizationError(.invalidArgument, message: "source path is not a directory: \(localPath)")
+                }
+
+                let destURL = URL(fileURLWithPath: path)
+                let dstWithBasename = destURL.appendingPathComponent(srcURL.lastPathComponent)
+                do {
+                    try await client.copyIn(id: id, source: srcURL, destination: dstWithBasename, createParents: false)
+                } catch {
+                    if isDirectory.boolValue {
+                        try await client.copyIn(id: id, source: srcURL, destination: destURL)
+                    } else if path.hasSuffix("/") {
+                        throw ContainerizationError(
+                            .invalidArgument,
+                            message: "destination is not a directory: \(path)")
+                    } else {
+                        try await client.copyIn(id: id, source: srcURL, destination: destURL)
+                    }
+                }
+            case (.container, .container):
+                throw ContainerizationError(.invalidArgument, message: "copying between containers is not supported")
+            case (.local, .local):
+                throw ContainerizationError(
+                    .invalidArgument,
+                    message: "one of source or destination must be a container reference (container_id:path)")
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}

Sources/Helpers/APIServer/APIServer+Start.swift

@@ -286,6 +286,8 @@ extension APIServer {
             routes[XPCRoute.containerKill] = harness.kill
             routes[XPCRoute.containerStats] = harness.stats
             routes[XPCRoute.containerDiskUsage] = harness.diskUsage
+            routes[XPCRoute.containerCopyIn] = harness.copyIn
+            routes[XPCRoute.containerCopyOut] = harness.copyOut
             routes[XPCRoute.containerExport] = harness.export
 
             return service

Sources/Helpers/RuntimeLinux/RuntimeLinuxHelper+Start.swift

@@ -104,6 +104,8 @@ extension RuntimeLinuxHelper {
                         SandboxRoutes.dial.rawValue: server.dial,
                         SandboxRoutes.shutdown.rawValue: server.shutdown,
                         SandboxRoutes.statistics.rawValue: server.statistics,
+                        SandboxRoutes.copyIn.rawValue: server.copyIn,
+                        SandboxRoutes.copyOut.rawValue: server.copyOut,
                     ],
                     log: log
                 )

Sources/Services/ContainerAPIService/Client/ContainerClient.swift

@@ -299,6 +299,45 @@ public struct ContainerClient: Sendable {
         return fh
     }
 
+    /// Copy a file or directory from the host into the container.
+    public func copyIn(id: String, source: URL, destination: URL, mode: UInt32 = 0o644, createParents: Bool = true) async throws {
+        let request = XPCMessage(route: .containerCopyIn)
+        request.set(key: .id, value: id)
+        request.set(key: .sourcePath, value: source.path)
+        request.set(key: .destinationPath, value: destination.path)
+        request.set(key: .fileMode, value: UInt64(mode))
+        request.set(key: .createParents, value: createParents)
+
+        do {
+            try await xpcSend(message: request, timeout: .seconds(300))
+        } catch {
+            throw ContainerizationError(
+                .internalError,
+                message: "failed to copy into container \(id)",
+                cause: error
+            )
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Copy a file or directory from the container to the host.
+    public func copyOut(id: String, source: URL, destination: URL, createParents: Bool = true) async throws {
+        let request = XPCMessage(route: .containerCopyOut)
+        request.set(key: .id, value: id)
+        request.set(key: .sourcePath, value: source.path)
+        request.set(key: .destinationPath, value: destination.path)
+        request.set(key: .createParents, value: createParents)
+
+        do {
+            try await xpcSend(message: request, timeout: .seconds(300))
+        } catch {
+            throw ContainerizationError(
+                .internalError,
+                message: "failed to copy from container \(id)",
+                cause: error
+            )
+        }
+    }
+
     /// Get resource usage statistics for a container.
     public func stats(id: String) async throws -> ContainerStats {
         let request = XPCMessage(route: .containerStats)

Sources/Services/ContainerAPIService/Client/XPC+.swift

@@ -132,6 +132,12 @@ public enum XPCKeys: String {
 
     /// Disk usage
     case diskUsageStats
+
+    /// Copy parameters
+    case sourcePath
+    case destinationPath
+    case fileMode
+    case createParents
 }
 
 public enum XPCRoute: String {
@@ -151,6 +157,8 @@ public enum XPCRoute: String {
     case containerEvent
     case containerStats
     case containerDiskUsage
+    case containerCopyIn
+    case containerCopyOut
     case containerExport
 
     case pluginLoad

Sources/Services/ContainerAPIService/Server/Containers/ContainersHarness.swift

@@ -290,6 +290,60 @@ public struct ContainersHarness: Sendable {
         return reply
     }
 
+    @Sendable
+    public func copyIn(_ message: XPCMessage) async throws -> XPCMessage {
+        guard let id = message.string(key: .id) else {
+            throw ContainerizationError(
+                .invalidArgument,
+                message: "id cannot be empty"
+            )
+        }
+        guard let sourcePath = message.string(key: .sourcePath) else {
+            throw ContainerizationError(
+                .invalidArgument,
+                message: "source path cannot be empty"
+            )
+        }
+        guard let destinationPath = message.string(key: .destinationPath) else {
+            throw ContainerizationError(
+                .invalidArgument,
+                message: "destination path cannot be empty"
+            )
+        }
+        let mode = UInt32(message.uint64(key: .fileMode))
+        let createParents = message.bool(key: .createParents)
+
+        try await service.copyIn(id: id, source: sourcePath, destination: destinationPath, mode: mode, createParents: createParents)
+        return message.reply()
+    }
+
+    @Sendable
+    public func copyOut(_ message: XPCMessage) async throws -> XPCMessage {
+        guard let id = message.string(key: .id) else {
+            throw ContainerizationError(
+                .invalidArgument,
+                message: "id cannot be empty"
+            )
+        }
+        guard let sourcePath = message.string(key: .sourcePath) else {
+            throw ContainerizationError(
+                .invalidArgument,
+                message: "source path cannot be empty"
+            )
+        }
+        guard let destinationPath = message.string(key: .destinationPath) else {
+            throw ContainerizationError(
+                .invalidArgument,
+                message: "destination path cannot be empty"
+            )
+        }
+
+        let createParents = message.bool(key: .createParents)
+
+        try await service.copyOut(id: id, source: sourcePath, destination: destinationPath, createParents: createParents)
+        return message.reply()
+    }
+
     @Sendable
     public func stats(_ message: XPCMessage) async throws -> XPCMessage {
         let id = message.string(key: .id)

Sources/Services/ContainerAPIService/Server/Containers/ContainersService.swift

@@ -776,6 +776,30 @@ public actor ContainersService {
         }
     }
 
+    /// Copy a file or directory from the host into the container.
+    public func copyIn(id: String, source: String, destination: String, mode: UInt32, createParents: Bool = true) async throws {
+        self.log.debug("\(#function)")
+
+        let state = try self._getContainerState(id: id)
+        guard state.snapshot.status == .running else {
+            throw ContainerizationError(.invalidState, message: "container \(id) is not running")
+        }
+        let client = try state.getClient()
+        try await client.copyIn(source: source, destination: destination, mode: mode, createParents: createParents)
+    }
+
+    /// Copy a file or directory from the container to the host.
+    public func copyOut(id: String, source: String, destination: String, createParents: Bool = true) async throws {
+        self.log.debug("\(#function)")
+
+        let state = try self._getContainerState(id: id)
+        guard state.snapshot.status == .running else {
+            throw ContainerizationError(.invalidState, message: "container \(id) is not running")
+        }
+        let client = try state.getClient()
+        try await client.copyOut(source: source, destination: destination, createParents: createParents)
+    }
+
     /// Get statistics for the container.
     public func stats(id: String) async throws -> ContainerStats {
         log.debug(